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What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

  1. Excessive punishments

  2. Unreasonable search and seizure

  3. Discrimination in law enforcement

  4. Violation of free speech

The correct answer is: Unreasonable search and seizure

The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution provides protection against unreasonable search and seizure by ensuring that individuals have a right to privacy in their persons, houses, papers, and effects. This means that law enforcement officers must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant issued by a judge to search or seize personal property. This protection reflects the Founding Fathers' concerns about government overreach and the importance of maintaining individual liberties. The 4th Amendment establishes a legal framework that safeguards citizens from arbitrary invasions by the state, aligning with the broader principles of due process and respect for personal privacy. Consequently, this amendment plays a crucial role in balancing the powers of law enforcement with the rights of individuals. Understanding this context is essential for grasping the broader implications of the 4th Amendment within the criminal justice system and civil liberties.